What is the primary outputs category of Material Flow Analysis?

• A. Circularity indicators.
• B. Sales forecasts.
• C. Brand recognition.
• D. Employee turnover.

Answer: (A)

Material Flow Analysis focuses on tracking how materials move through a system and turning those movements into measures of how resource-efficient and circular the system is. The main outputs are circularity indicators—metrics that show how much material is kept in use, recycled, or reused, and where losses occur. These indicators provide a picture of the system’s circularity, guiding improvements toward keeping materials circulating rather than disposing them.

Sales forecasts, brand recognition, and employee turnover are business performance metrics not derived from material flow data, so they don’t represent the primary outputs of MFA.